1.
The new capital Ulaanbaatar
In 1639 an influential Khalkha lord
Thuseet Khan Gombodorj elevated his son Zanabzar of 5 years to the head of the
Buddhist religion in Mongolia and in his honor a nomadic town was named Urga.
The name of this town subsequently changed several times: Nomyn Ikh Khurye, Da
Khurye, Bogdiin Khurye and after the state independence – Niislel Khuree. From
1639 for about 140 years it was migrant city moving from palace until with
became settled finally in 1778 in it’s present location. Legend tells that the
town is situated on the northern side of Khangai mountain, on the bank of the
Tuul river, among the hills, of the fresh river Selbe, in the hollow of the
stone tomb. Indeed in this palace there was a stone man since the Turkish
period. Later the Khaan mountain was declared as a national protected area and
was renamed Bogd Uul. The word “Bogd” means saintor wise, hence the symbolism
of the name of the mountain. The highest point which is the Tsetsee gun peak,
being 2257 meters above the sea level.
Urga grew quickly and it gradually
became the religious, commercial and administrative centre of the country. In
1910 city already had 50 thousand inhabitants. They lived in different areas of
the town depending on their position in the society and their ethnic
nationality. There were areas for monks, lords, merchants, craftsmen and
Chinese and Russian inhabitants including there American consul. The town
mainly comprised national gers and in spite of its economical, political an
cultural importance, remained a “felt town”.
After the victory of the People’s
Revolution, the first Great People’s Congress was held in 1924, at which the
Mongolian People’s Republic was proclaimed, and in which the decision was made
to change the name of the town to Ulaanbaatar “Red Hero”, thus inaugurating a
new era in the history of the development of the town. The first plan for
developing Ulaanbaatar on a scientific bases was developed and implemented in
the 1950s and since the 1960s urbanization police plans have been determined
and activities associated with urbanization, including the planting of gardens
and trees and the provision of municipal improvements have been carried out. A
major part of the Ulaanbaatar’s current appearance is a result of the large
scull construction activities carried out between 1960 and 1985 in the
metropolis. In the construction of it is new district, civil engineering
buildings and structures, an immense contribution was a made by construction
organizations and workers from china in the period the 1950s to 1960s and by
the former USSR from the mid 1960s up to 1989. At that time the first and
second 40 Myangats “Residential areas”, 120 Myangats, and Residences in the
current 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th,
6th, 10th and 13th micro districts were built
and service centers appeared. At present, the master plan for developing
Ulaanbaatar has been updated and the plan for the city’s development up to 2020
has been passed and has begun to be carried out. The city of the Ulaanbaatar is
a unique city that manages despite prevalence of modern buildings and
structures to preserve it’s a palaces of historic and cultural value, most
having been turned in to museums and sightseeing places. As part of it a
activities in 2003, Year of investment an creative works, the Ulaanbaatar city
consul spent 94 billion tugrugs on construction. Projects included the
completion an eight – lane high way and the improvement of community services
in ger districts. Sukhbaatar square was also repaved with a granite slabs. Sukhbaatar
square covers 31.068 square meters. The city, which had a population of around 50000
people only ninety years ago, is now home to about 850000. When you include
long and short term transit, foreign and national visitors this figure increases
to nearly one million. Such a sharp rise in the population of the metropolis is
associated with an increasing migration of rural residents to Ulaanbaatar.
The majority of those migrating to the
capital from the western provinces have to choose the settled way of life due
to heart ships such as unemployment an impoverishment. Following the
instigation of the law on the capital city’s legal status, enacted by the State
Ihk Khural in 1994, the capital city now has its own banner, coat of arms and
emblem. Ulaanbaatar has its own boundaries approved by the state IKh Khural. It
covers an area of 4,704square km, with 9 districts and 115 khoroos. The vity ‘s
municipal administration system is the Capital city Khural of Citizen’s
Representatives /City Council/ which has 40 representatives ,9 chairpersons , a
permanent head , secretary and offices. The capital city’s highest executive power
is vested in the Capital City Governor appointed from the Capital city Khural
of Citizen’s Representatives, and the Ulaanbaatar city’s mayor, his office and
departments . According to the constitution of Mongolia , the city of
Ulaanbaatar is specified as “a city with specific functions , its power
management, territory, economic and social complex, and special status set
forth by the law”.
Questions
1. The capital city of Mongolia /History and Nowaday’s/
2. When was a new city built in the present?
3. Where is UB city located nowadays?
4. What ‘s the name of first city?
No comments:
Post a Comment